The Myanmar Civil War is the longest war to date. Warring states lead to fragile economies, widespread dissent among citizens, and halt all aspects of the country's development. Myanmar’s economy is the least developed in the region (Aung-Thwin et al., 2024). The constant barrage of military conflicts has changed Myanmar’s development and its ability to establish a stable, peaceful future. In September 2024, the United Nations reported that over 5,350 civilians were killed, 3.3 million more displaced, and 27,400 people were arrested since the most recent coup d'etat in February 2021 (UN, 2024).

The ongoing Civil War has brought immense danger, devastation, and devaluation. This case study will provide background on the conflict, examine the internal and external approaches, and reflect on the lessons to better interpret the conflict cycle in Myanmar.

Migration affects multiple dimensions of societal structure and function, emphasizing the need for developing strategically informed immigration policies. Currently, immigration is highly politicized, with Westernized policies increasingly shaped by short-term interests rather than long-term and humanitarian considerations. There is a growing disparity in opportunities, human protection, political will, and accountability.

Right now, it is crucial to adopt an encouraging stance on immigration to drive diverse economic growth, promote global humanitarian responsibility, and sustain social resilience. This memorandum aims to advise on two key motivations for encouraging immigration policies, supported by relevant examples and data trends. The restrictive immigration stance is briefly examined using policies implemented by Western democracies.

2025 Trends, Gaps, & Standards in Boston & Toronto.
Going Green is the path of the future. The Cities of Boston and Toronto demonstrate how green diplomacy is shaping sustainable futures through ambitious climate strategies, like Boston’s Green New Deal (GND) and Toronto’s TorontoTO initiative.